For Part I, data were collected from 102 males aged 15 and younger, 103 males aged 16 and 17, and 115 males ages 19 to 35. Participants were selected for inclusion based on their gender, age, and pretrial detention status. Measures of adjudicative competence, noncontextual judgment factors, and context-specific judgment factors were administered in interview format. In Part I, the data supported hypotheses that claimed scores on nonlegal context and context-specific judgment factors would change across age, and they would be related to decision making process and outcomes in the legally relevant vignettes. The two juvenile samples were significantly different from adults on several noncontextual and contextual measures of judgment, although the patterns varied depending on the specific factors considered. Some expected age differences were also found when reporting the possible consequences of decisions in the two vignettes. Further, demographics, adjudicative competence, and noncontextual and context-specific judgment factors all played some role in predicting respondents' decisions in the hypothetical vignettes. The study of competence in psychiatric inpatients in Part II of this study offers suggestions about psychopathology and competence. Results show that subjects with learning disorders or behavior disorders are likely to have lower IQ's than other adolescents with psychopathology. These data underscore the importance of using both competence and judgment in evaluations of decision making in legally relevant contexts. Continued research on issues of competence and judgment will provide a foundation for designing interventions to improve both adolescents' abilities to negotiate the legal system and the system's response to the particular needs of adolescent offenders.