In considering whether terrorism is a serious threat, one paper argues that it has increased in lethality and intensity of motivation, as many terrorists have become motivated by a religious imperative. Another paper maintains that the threat of terrorism is overstated and that the prevalence and lethality of terrorism are decreasing. Two other papers in this chapter argue for and against the view that terrorists' use of weapons of mass destruction poses a serious threat. The concluding papers of this chapter reach different conclusions as they assess the terrorist threat to information systems. In discussing what motivates terrorists, seven papers give priority to the following factors: religious fanaticism, postwar developments, democracy, economic distress, Israeli actions in the case of Middle East terrorists, Palestinian leaders, and a combination of factors. Seven other papers argue issues regarding whether terrorism can be justified. Those who argue that terrorism is justified cite the need to resist tyranny, necessary resistance to British rule in Northern Ireland, and oppressive policies by Israel and the United States in the Middle East against the Palestinians and other Islamic groups. Those who argue against terrorism consider the targeting of civilians and the failure to seek alternatives to violence as a means of change. Six papers present opposing viewpoints regarding how the United States should respond to terrorism. The pros and cons of tougher aviation security measures are discussed, along with the effectiveness of retaliation against terrorist groups, an expansion of the FBI's powers, and the expansion of government powers through counterterrorism legislation. A list of organizations to contact, a 45-item bibliography, and a subject index