The authors begin with a review of the relatively non-controversial facts about trends in gun ownership and use and the reasons why Americans are inclined to arm themselves. A more controversial discussion considers whether the prevalence or diminishment of gun ownership influences the levels or seriousness of crime. The chapter then identifies the important values at stake in adopting any gun control policy and then describes the existing policies and the mechanisms by which they and other such measures have their effect. Recommendations are then offered for promising next steps. The authors suggest that the goal of gun control policy during the next decade should be to develop and evaluate specific gun control measures that can reduce gun crimes, suicide, and accidents, while preserving as much legitimate use of guns as possible. There is no reason to believe that there is a single best policy. Rather, there should be an effort to construct a combination of policies that address the full array of gun "problems." To some extent, these policies should differ according to local circumstances and values. This chapter recommends actions at the Federal, State, municipal, community, and household levels. 1 figure, 20 notes and 69 references