The control of human behavior is important, because it is integrated into all conscious human activities. It is particularly significant in situations in which an individual has been punished or blamed for behavior deemed injurious to others. At the same time as the control constitutes a basis for various forms of protection and security, it is also the oldest and most extended activity. It is necessary to create and maintain conformity at the individual, group, and social level. Weaknesses in the control of behavior create vulnerability to injurious behavior. There is an issue regarding what degree control is also protection and how much control is included in any particular form of protection. Both control and protection have been increasingly institutionalized and regulated in a hierarchical and bureaucratic way. The most diverse performers of control and protection, or even of both of them, are making their appearance, which results in the transfer of certain State competencies to the private sphere and to self-organized control and protection groups, acting especially within a local community; however, the focus of their attention is directed primarily to the detection of danger. In this regard, practically every protection depends on available control capacities, which also holds true for the prevention activity; this is also control, although "ante delictum." Here, control has proved to give the best results in situational crime prevention in which the responsibility for security has been transferred from the offenders to their victims. Since control and surveillance are the two prevailing elements even in protection and security, doubt arises about the justification of creating a comprehensive science on protection and security, since they constitute a derivative function of control. Control for them has an entirely constitutive meaning. At the same time, there are so many different areas and demands upon security and protection that they cannot be integrated in one whole for the needs of scientific examination and corresponding theoretical elaboration. 12 references