The component parts of the systems approach to reducing criminality are represented by the various Government service agencies: health, education, employment and training; family and children's services; housing; police; courts; prisons; and community based corrections. The paper acknowledges that the current approach to crime reduction and overall system management is fragmented. While increasing police effort or efficiency may increase clearance rates, it will in turn increase charge rates in courts, prison musters, supervision orders, and rehabilitation program requirements. Researchers can model - at a first level - the cost relationships of focusing on a more efficient policing and punishment system. Therefore, it is important to first address the causes and factors of crime, including: socioeconomic stress on families, family violence, poor parenting, child behavior problems, poor school attachment and school failure, antisocial modeling/delinquency, and social exclusion.