Data on factors that influence the size of Canada's Federal offender population address the number of offenses, the number of prisoners, imprisonment rates, prison admissions, length of sentence, length of imprisonment, a profile of Federal offenders, and offender population distributions between institutions and community supervision. In examining data and programs that bear upon the successful return of offenders to the community, this report notes that conditional release programs (day parole, full parole, or statutory release) are based on the premise that a period of supervised transition from prison to the community enhances public safety and the rehabilitation of offenders. Data are presented to show that the yearly success rates for day parole, full parole, and statutory release in 1998-99 are among the highest in recent years. The report concludes that from a public safety perspective, offenders granted a discretionary release (day parole or full parole) and properly supervised in the community show very high levels of success in avoiding recidivism. Data are also presented to show that various types of treatment that target specific offender problems related to their offending behavior are effective in reducing recidivism. The report concludes with an overview of data that show the potential for the reintegration of inmate populations through transitional supervision. Extensive tables and figures