The pre-Soviet period resulted in prisons and punishment emerging as public institutions, and a public concern about crime was produced. Penal methods were personalized. The inmate worked according to principles of moral and religious rehabilitation. The prisoner contributed to the state and to society through the regime of punishment. The Soviet period resulted in broad penal expansion. Punishment moved from focusing on self to a focus on the collective. Penal methods were socialized by attaching the person to an institution and latterly the state. The prisoner worked under the principle of political correction. The prisoner supported the state and society through punishment. The post-Soviet period has been an amalgamation of personalizing punishment and socializing punishment. Penal methods are self-regulated/individualized. Prisoners work according to the specific demands of the colony. The labor is extracted because the institution requires the labor to be self-governing. Prisons function according to principles of survival. 12 references