The authors tested six conventional genetic markers, the AmpliType PM + DQA1 and 12 Short tandem repeats (STRs) loci of the children and mother, together with the alleged paternal grandparents. They also DNA typed the bloodstain found later in the alleged father's medical record. Only the result at D3S1358 in a nineplex STR system excluded the alleged father from parentage of the boy; whereas, all markers were inclusive for the girl. Accordingly, the authors performed sequence analysis at D3S1358 to confirm the presence of a paternal exclusion or mutation. The sequence analysis indicated that the boy's allele 17 could have originated from either of the alleged father's allele 16 or 18 by a single-step mutation associated with slippage mutation in STR loci. The authors conducted minisatellite variant repeat mapping by PCR (MVR-PCR) at loci D1S8(MS32) and D7S21(MS31A) and mapped allele haplotypes of all individuals except the deceased alleged father. The MVR-PCR analysis showed that the boy has no inconsistency with the relationship between the alleged grandparents, and was effective at increasing the paternity index value. The authors concluded that there is biological relationship between both the girl and the boy and the alleged father. 2 tables, 3 figures, and 24 references