The study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for all tests. The concentration of capsaicinoids in fresh peppers was variable, with variability dependent upon the relative pungency and geographical origin of the pepper type. Nonivamide was conclusively identified in the extracts of fresh peppers, despite numerous reports that nonivamide was not a natural product. In the oleoresin capsicum samples, pungency was proportional to the total concentration of capsaicinoids. The principle analogues detected in oleoresin capsicum were capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin and appeared to be the analogues primarily responsible for the pungency of the sample. Selected samples of commercially available pepper spray products also had variable capsaicinoid concentrations. Variability was observed among products obtained from different manufacturers as well as from different product lots from the same manufacturer. The article concludes that variability in the capsaicinoid concentration in oleoresin capsicum-based self-defense weapons could alter potency and ultimately jeopardize the safety and health of users and assailants. Figures, tables, references