Data were compiled from a survey questionnaire mailed to State and Federal correctional agencies in the United States and Correctional Service of Canada and to probation and parole agencies in the United States and the Canadian National Parole Board. A total of 1,208,415 inmates were confined in State, Federal, and D.C. prisons on January 1, 2000, an increase of 0.8 percent over the preceding year. State and D.C. prisoners accounted for 90.2 percent of the total, while the Federal Bureau of Prisons held 9.8 percent. In addition, 28,649 inmates were confined in hospitals, community-based programs, and for other "out-count" reasons; 47,159 inmates were being held in local jails primarily, but not necessarily, as a result of crowding; and 65,160 inmates were being held in out-of-State jails and in privately operated facilities. The grand total of 1,349,383 inmates was an increase of 2.5 percent over the preceding year. Tables, figures, glossary, index