The United States has become increasingly vulnerable to terrorist attacks because it is the world’s sole superpower, the technological developments of nations that pose a threat, and information technology and globalization. Some conclusions of this report are that there is a priority need to re-evaluate national missile defense goals and programs; there is a need for a national plan and comprehensive program; and defense efforts have been reactive, disjointed, and focused on consequence management. Also, there is a critical need to train people to deal with cyber security, and to improve cooperation with the private sector in this field. Recommendations include developing a new plan for missile defense, and improved coordination with U.S. allies over the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. In planning for CBRN and cyber threats, recommendations include developing an annual preparedness report, coordinating the development of threat assessments, and supervising all aspects of emergency planning and policy development for the Federal Government. The Government must establish incentives for people to move into the cyber security field and stay in government service. In the area of CBRN terrorism, the focus should be on training emergency responders, emergency room personnel, and public health officials The ability of hospitals, public health services, and health care providers to deal with mass casualties and the effects of chemical and biological weapons must be improved through increased awareness, suitable diagnostic capabilities, and comprehensive plans.