Study methods included a review of relevant literature, the collection of existing relevant information and statistical data, interviews with 20 youth across 5 different areas of Melbourne (total of 100 youth) that had a high incidence of ethnic youth gang activity, interviews with 20 youth with a Vietnamese background, and the use of youth and community workers to contact youth and conduct the interviews. The 20 Vietnamese youth interviewed were unemployed and relied on State financial assistance; they could not turn to families for much financial support. The youth associated with peer groups with common interests or cultural affinity. The main reasons for group association included social support protection (in some cases related to the threat of racism), excitement, and friendship. Comments by the youth regarding gang types revealed three types of "gangs": gangs engaged in low-level street crime; gangs composed of both youth and adults who engaged in organized drug dealing and criminal activities; and "social identity" groups composed of youth who interacted for social purposes. Most of the youth interviewed were involved in the latter type of group. Study recommendations pertained to the mapping of existing community services and contemporary settlement policies, quality education facilities and services, youth employment services, income support, family support structures, community policing practices, and the promotion of reconciliation and anti-racist ideals. 21 tables and 50 references