James Harris of the Montclair Veterinary Clinical Hospital in Oakland, California, defines the human-animal bond as "that physical, emotional, intellectual, and philosophical relationship that occurs between a person or family unit and an animal." With few exceptions, animals exude unconditional love for their owners and vice versa. This literature review relies primarily on American sources, since most of the prison programs were initially developed in the United States. The types of animals used and the format of the program vary widely in correctional institutions. Animals used in the various PFT programs include mice, guinea pigs, birds, fish, horses, cats and dogs, farm animals, wild animals, domestic animals, and exotic animals, although dogs are the most common. The literature review suggests that the benefits of PFT do not only affect the inmates, but also the animals, staff, and citizens in the community who receive the trained animals. Inmate behavior and self-esteem improves as a result of being involved in PFT programs. The programs teach discipline, cooperation, and respect for others. Depending on the nature of the program, inmates may also acquire employable skills. Animals benefit from the program, since they are often saved from certain death and given a second chance. Staff benefits from changed inmate behavior that reduces management problems. Citizens in the community benefit when PFT programs involve inmates in training animals to be used in therapeutic programs in the community. Guidelines for implementing a PFT in a correctional institution are provided. Appended overview of PFT programs in correctional institutions and materials for use in PFT programs