Backgrounds of violent offenders often reveal the presence of animal cruelty. Arguments on the ethical treatment of animals appeared as early as the 13th century. Research has illustrated the connection between animal cruelty and family violence. Animal cruelty, child maltreatment, and domestic violence have been linked as overlapping domains. Most offenders are male and victimize the vulnerable--women, children, and animals. Holding pets hostage is used to control women in domestic violence cases. The link between animal and human violence was ignored by law enforcement, the judicial system, and other agencies until recently. Along a continuum of family violence, strong evidence suggests that animals are the first stage along the path to human violence. Nevertheless, the criminal justice system still largely views animal abuse as a minor offense. Because laws vary across space and time, direct comparisons of State laws are inadvisable. Some States have strong misdemeanor laws whereas others have weak felony laws. Animal cruelty laws may also include provisions for other forms of punishment designed to rehabilitate the offender. Attitudes regarding the importance of animal cruelty are a major factor in the criminal prosecution of such cases. No national statistics exist for animal cruelty so its incidence and prevalence are unknown. The spatial distribution in Fulton County, Georgia shows a non-random distribution, which means that cases are concentrated in specific areas. The southern section of the county has the highest incidence rate. This area is characterized by low income, poor housing conditions, and low educational levels. Low incidence appears to be concentrated in the northern section of the county. The question of where to place prevention and education programs and treatment services is answered through the identification of target areas. 6 figures, 42 references