This study examined models of misconduct and aggression in children aged 4 to 11 using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n=13,067). The study established that structural, individual, or self-control, and social control factors acted in conjunction to predict elevated levels of misconduct and aggression in childhood. Family structure appeared to directly affect conduct disorders and aggression. Individual level traits, particularly hyperactivity, and social/familial factors, particularly hostile parenting, contributed to misconduct and aggression, and appeared to do so throughout the early ages of childhood. The study claimed that existing data did not permit sound inferences about the causal ordering of childhood hyperactivity and parental hostility. It recommends further work to determine the directionality of this relationship during the first 47 months of childhood. Tables, notes, references