This trend away from the centralization of security measures in the governmental structures of the nation-state raises a number of issues. First, does the involvement of the private sector as well as other non-state actors in crime control, prevention, and policing undermine democratic oversight and accountability for these forms of governance? Second, does transnational (European-wide) crime prevention and policing represent the "supranationalization" of governance or a transnational regulatory regime with its own techniques and styles of governance? Third, does this trend represent the demise of the nation-state in Europe, or does it involve certain supranational tendencies that duplicate or complement the activities of the nation-state, leaving them with a significant role in governance? It is clear that the national character of criminal justice in Europe has become more fragile, as there has been a "Europeanization" of security and crime concerns at a number of levels. This has stemmed from dominant and common concerns not only about transnational crimes but also localized crime. 4 notes and 64 references