After detailing the Czech Republic’s demographic data as of January 1, 2001, this document discusses criminal law in the Czech Republic, following the Republic’s achieving independent statehood in 1918 and restoring statehood in 1945. This document presents the Czech Republic’s procedural law statutes, developed after 1945, before discussing the Republic’s court system and the ways in which criminal justice is enforced in the Republic. A description of the fundamental principles of criminal law in the Czech Republic, including the structure of the Criminal Code, is presented along with an extensive discussion of the organization of the Republic’s investigations and criminal procedures. The Czech Republic’s system of sanctions and sentencing procedures are also detailed in this document along with a discussion of the Republic’s system for conditional and/or suspended sentences and probation. The Republic’s prison system and after-care programs are also highlighted in this work along with a discussion of the Republic’s plans to reform its criminal justice system. Czech Republic statistical data and the results of research on crime and criminal justice in the Republic are followed by a bibliography. An appendix of guiding questions, chapter-by-chapter, completes this document.