Following a presentation of Romania’s demographic data as of July 1, 1999, this document discusses Romanian criminal law statutes, developed following the adoption of the Romanian Penal Code on June 21, 1968. This document also presents Romania’s procedural law statutes, enacted in 1969, before discussing Romania’s court system and the ways in which criminal justice is enforced within Romania. A detailed description of the fundamental principles of criminal law and procedure in Romania, including the structure of the Penal Code, is presented along with an extensive discussion of the organization of Romania’s investigations and criminal procedures. Romania’s system of sanctions and sentencing procedures are also detailed in this document along with a discussion of Romania’s system for conditional and/or suspended sentences and probation. The Romanian prison system and after-care of prisoners programs are also highlighted in this work along with a discussion of Romania’s plans to reform its criminal justice system. Romanian statistical data and the results of research on crime and criminal justice in Romania are followed by a bibliography. An appendix of guiding questions, chapter-by-chapter, completes this document.