The relation between marriage and physical health has been recognized for many decades and explored in various forms. This paper provides a critical examination of the influence of marital conflict on physiological predecessors of physical ailments and subsequent incidence of health problems. The paper begins with a review of empirical explorations of the relations between marital conflict and the physical health of marriage partners and their children. It continues by presenting a potential pathway by which conflict may influence health, specifically through chronic or excessive sympathetic activation. Lastly, the explicating of the role of vagal regulation as a protective mechanism in the relation between marital conflict and physical health is addressed, drawing heavily from the Polyvagal Theory, implicating sympathetic arousal as more detrimental than parasympathetic arousal. Based on the literature, it is apparent that characteristics of marriage, particularly conflict, have an impact on the health of individuals. Conflict generally results in physiological arousal, particularly arousal of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Chronic and sustained SNS arousal is associated with decrements immune functioning, accounting at least partially for the relation between marital status and health. Individuals with adaptive vagal regulation may help avoid potentially harmful sympathetic arousal and may be able to respond in a more adaptive manner using emotional regulation and communication. Vagal regulation may function as a buffer to the impact of marital conflict on physical health. References