The goal of the literature is to offer researchers, treatment providers, and policymakers a summary of the latest research findings on drug abuse treatment in the criminal justice system. The focus was on drug use, not alcohol use because of the sheer volume of research available in this field of inquiry. As such, this volume presents the key findings on the prevalence of drug use and drug abuse treatment for offenders at each stage of the criminal justice process (arrest, prosecution, courts, probation, incarceration, and supervised release). Evidence-based literature appearing during the time period 1992 through mid-2002 was selected for inclusion. The review is organized according to the criminal justice stage. The treatment approaches utilized at each stage are discussed and findings concerning treatment outcomes and cost effectiveness are offered where available. Also presented are the implications of the research for treatment practice, public policy, and future research. Following an executive summary, chapter 1 provides an introduction to the literature review, explaining the purpose and organization of the review. Chapter 2 describes the approach of the literature review, including a discussion of how literature was chosen for inclusion and identifying key terminology. Chapter 3 presents the findings from the review, which is organized according to the stage of the criminal justice process (arrest, prosecution, courts, probation, incarceration, and supervised release). Finally, chapter 4 provides a summary of the findings and presents the implications for the drug abuse treatment of the criminal justice population. A companion document to this literature review entitled, Adult Drug Abuse Treatment by Criminal Justice Stage: An Annotated Bibliography, presents publicly available data sources covering drug abuse treatment in the criminal justice system. References