Neglect is the most frequently identified form of child abuse and has been well researched. Neglect has been conceptualized as occurring within three subtypes: psychological, physical, and educational. The current study examined the relationships among these three subtypes, as well as among a summary measure of neglect and neglect as defined by Child Protective Services (CPS). Participants were 173 children and families recruited from 3 pediatric clinics serving a primarily minority, low-income population. Mothers entered the longitudinal study and were evaluated at home and at a laboratory with their children when their children were 5 years of age. Mother-child interactions were observed and mothers were interviewed concerning their children and child care practices. Assessment scales utilized included the Home Observation Measure of the Environment (HOME) and the Child Well-Being Scales. Follow-up was completed when the children were age 6. Results of statistical analyses indicated modest to moderate correlations among the three neglect subtypes, CPS neglect, and children’s behavior. The neglect subtypes remained predictive of children’s behavior when CPS neglect was controlled. The neglect subtypes proved more predictive of children’s behavior than did the summary neglect measure. The findings suggest that attention to the subtypes of neglect would enhance intervention measures by offering the ability to tailor intervention strategies to specific family needs. Future research could examine the effectiveness of interventions targeting specific neglect subtypes. Tables, notes, references