Several large evaluations of correctional programs across the United States have found that offender assessment is one of the most poorly implemented principles of effective offender intervention. Correctional programs have relied too much on subjective, clinical assessments of offenders’ likelihood of re-offending or risk, and specific risk factors. Corrections programs have neglected one of the most important features of an effective correctional treatment system, standard, objective assessment instruments. Recently, the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections (DOC) has implemented a rigorous new system for assessing the criminogenic risk and needs of its offenders. Three tools were adopted for all newly committed inmates: the Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R); the Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified; and the Hostile Interpretations Questionnaire. To promote effective offender assessment, staff training is essential. Training initiatives under the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections are designed so that all staff who work with inmates will be exposed to the latest research on the causes of criminal behavior, what factors can be targeted for change with the prison environment, how assessment tools can be used, and how best to use this information in delivering treatment. In addition, through training with the Board of Probation and Parole (PBPP), the DOC is attempting to ensure that the sister agencies share a common understanding and language with respect to assessment. 6 Endnotes