Data derived from the study suggests that filial responsibility, a child’s relationship with or feelings towards his/her parents, is an ecologically valid construct that has both positive and negative implications for children’s development. Evidence for the relation of different aspects of filial responsibility to children’s educational, social, and emotional adjustment in the war-affected country of Bosnia is presented. The study sampled 145 male and female sixth through eighth grade students and their parents and examined how different dimensions of filial responsibility related to Bosnian youths’ school performance, perceived competence with peers, and emotional functioning. Of great interest was the probable moderating role of familial fairness in the relation of care giving to these variables. It was hypothesized that care giving would be most strongly related to positive educational and socio-emotional outcomes when perceived fairness was high. References