A workshop on the theme “Maximizing the Effectiveness of Technical Assistance by Member States in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice--Solutions for the Future: Key Components for Effective Technical Assistance” was organized by the Institutes comprising the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program Network (PNI) and held in Vienna, Austria in April 2006. A collection of literary works were presented from 11 scholars offering participants an opportunity to consider how to enhance the effectiveness of the technical assistance provided to member states in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. Throughout the workshop, the emphasis was on the importance of identifying best practices, evaluating current efforts, and learning from the collective experience. The need to identify priorities for action and the coordination efforts across agencies was recognized leading to a discussion in the delivery of technical assistance and capacity building programs. Several introductory articles are followed by five papers looking at specific technical assistance initiatives, illustrating some of the principles for effective assistance. The report concludes with two general papers which are relevant in emphasizing two crucial aspects of sustainable assistance: funding and the monitoring and evaluation results. Annexes 1-2