The ICAO is governed by various conventions that set out the required regulatory frameworks and standards to which international airports of entry must conform if they wish to be accredited and recognized as international entry and exit points. The Convention on International Civil Aviation (the so-called Chicago Convention of 1944) governs all aspects of civil aviation, from passenger safety to the technical aspects of flying. The ICAO was established as a permanent secretariat for the Convention. The Convention's Annex 17 contains an ICAO model for security measures applicable to all operators and users at international airports. In the aftermath of September 11, ICAO adopted Amendment 10 to Annex 17. This amendment specifies a number of additional safety and security requirements pertinent to aircraft security check, background check, screening, the scope of security, security restricted areas, security objectives, international cooperation, national organization, and airport operations. Overall, security measures at all three levels--perimeter and building safeguarding, passenger and baggage screening, and cargo inspections--at JIA apparently meet all the international standards of Annex 17, due largely to the implementation of new structures, procedures, and equipment during 2002-2003. There is still room for improvement in the areas of streamlining, additional personnel resources, information collection, and intelligence analysis, as well as in interagency cooperation and joint operations. A 14-item bibliography