The ATVC had good internal consistency in measuring two key components of violent attitudes: a general predisposition to view violence as a desirable behavioral choice and violence in response to specific provocation. Being male predicted the endorsement of proviolence attitudes, and self-identification as a victim of violence also predicted stronger proviolence attitudes in the testing sample. Being European-American was associated with lower scores on Reactive Violence and Total Proviolence Attitudes. Being African-American was associated with stronger Reactive Violence scores; however, ethnicity may be confounded with poverty, which increases exposure to violence and other major stressors. Poorer children, who were most likely to be African-American, were more likely to accept aggressive behavior. The authors conclude that the ATVC is well-suited to measuring pre-existing attitudes toward violence, one valid target for intervention, and to the determination of changes in attitudes after an intervention. Also, because it can provide a portrait of prevailing attitudes toward violence in a targeted area, the ATVC could be used in the development of violence prevention programs. The study sample for the final 16-item version of the ATVC consisted of fourth-graders through sixth-graders attending public schools in a mid-sized Midwestern city. A total of 747 questionnaires were completed (355 by girls). The ATVC has four response choices, with values of one through four: "No," "Maybe," "Probably," and "Yes." A total score is calculated across items, with some being reverse-scored. Higher scores indicate stronger proviolence attitudes. 3 tables and 29 references