The article’s findings reveal relatively little evidence for the specificity of parenting and child externalizing behaviors in the general parenting literature or in the family context of parent depression. Additionally, clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed. As an initial attempt to examine the specificity of parenting and childhood externalizing problems, this review examines prior research on the association of three parenting behaviors (parental warmth, hostility, and control) with child externalizing versus internalizing problems. Building upon the link between inadequate parenting and child noncompliance, aggression, and oppositionality, behavioral parent training is said to have been identified as a well-established treatment for externalizing problems in children. It is noted that much less empirical attention has been devoted to examining whether inadequate parenting and, in turn, behavioral parent training programs, have specific effects on child externalizing problems or more diffuse effects on both internalizing and externalizing problems. The conclusions are reached through a review of literature conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English from 1980 through April 2006 that examined parenting behaviors in depressed parents and their relations to child externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. To be included in the review, each of the studies identified had to meet additional criteria to provide certain specificity. Tables, references