THE ISSUES INVOLVING USE OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION ARE ADDRESSED IN FOUR SECTIONS: THE FIRST DETAILS SOME OF THE INTERVENTION APPROACHES USED IN OPERANT BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PROGRAMS; THE SECOND SECTION PROVIDES A DESCRIPTION OF THE EVALUATION METHODOLOGY USED IN EVALUATING BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PROCEDURES AND AN OVERVIEW OF RESULTS OF SEVERAL SUCH PROCEDURAL EVALUATIONS; THE THIRD SECTION PROVIDES A DESCRIPTION OF EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES USED IN EVALUATING OVERALL PROGRAMS AND AN OVERVIEW OF SEVERAL SUCH EVALUATED PROGRAMS. THE FINAL SECTION PRESENTS A DISCUSSION OF THE HUMAN AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF PARTICIPANTS ALONG WITH MEANS FOR SAFEGUARDING THESE RIGHTS. AMONG THE CRITICAL FEATURES FOR BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PROGRAMS NOTED IN THIS ARTICLE ARE: A) PROCEDURES FOR PROGRAMMING GENERALIZATION OF TREATMENT EFFECTS TO THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT; B) SELF-GOVERNMENT DUE PROCESS SYSTEMS; C) SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURES FOR TEACHING SOCIALLY ADAPTIVE SKILLS; AND D) SYSTEMATIC PROGRAM EVALUATIONS. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)