TWENTY-SEVEN INMATES AT THE STATE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION AT CAMP HILL (PA) WERE TESTED ON THEIR LEADERSHIP IDENTIFICATION IN MARCH 1972. EXAMINED WERE WHETHER CONVICTS CHOOSE A LEADER DUE TO ADMIRATION OF A PARTICULAR INMATES' VIOLENT RECORD, THE INMATE'S BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF THE SYSTEM COMING FROM THE LONGER PRISON SENTENCES CONNECTED WITH VIOLENT CRIMES, RESPECT FOR PHYSICAL VIOLENCE AND FORCE, THE HOMOGENEOUS GROUPING TO WHICH HE BELONGS (RACE, AGE, INTELLIGENCE), OR ACCORDING TO SITUATIONAL OR INHERENT LEADERSHIP ABILITIES IN THE OTHER INMATES. BASED ON INMATE RESPONSES, IT WAS THAT LEADERSHIP IN PRISON IS NOT DETERMINED SOLELY ON THE SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF RESPECT FOR A CRIME OF VIOLENT NATURE AND THAT THE ONE FACTOR PRISONERS CONSIDER MOST IMPORTANT IN CHOOSING A LEADER IS INTELLIGENCE, NOT PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND VIOLENCE AS WAS HYPOTHESIZED.