IN ADDITION TO SUSPENDED SENTENCE, PROBATION, AND SIMILAR MEASURES, THE STUDY EXAMINES A WIDE RANGE OF PENAL MEASURES WHICH INCLUDE A STRONG TRAINING ELEMENT SUCH AS COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE AT DAY, EVENING OR WEEKEND TRAINING CENTRES WHICH COULD UTILIZE THE ALREADY EXISTING RESOURCES OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY TO PROVIDE A RANGE OF FACILITIES; EDUCATIONAL, VIA LOCAL CENTRES OF EDUCATION; PSYCHIATRIC, VIA OUT-PATIENT CLINICS; INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, VIA SPECIALLY ARRANGED PLACEMENTS IN LOCAL INDUSTRIES OR THROUGH A NEARBY VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE. THE STUDY ALSO EXAMINES THE SOPHISTICATED USE OF FINES, COMPULSORY DEDUCTIONS FROM WAGES, SERVICES PERFORMED FOR THE HANDICAPPED OR THE ELDERLY DURING WEEKENDS, AND NON-FINANCIAL PENALTIES (MORAL SANCTIONS) SUCH AS REPRIMANDS OR WARNINGS. THE REPORT DISCUSSES THESE MEASURES IN TERMS OF THE EXISTING OR POSSIBLE APPLICATION BY THE MEMBER NATIONS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE. (AUTHOR ABSTRACT MODIFIED)