THE AUTHORS ARE ALL FACULTY MEMBERS AT BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY IN OHIO. THEY LIMITED THEIR STUDY TO NONINSTITUTIONAL VIOLENCE, WHICH EXCLUDES WAR. THEY THEORIZED THAT VIOLENCE COULD ONLY BE UNDERSTOOD FROM AN EXAMINATION OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEMS UNDER WHICH VIOLENT ACTS OCCUR. VIOLENCE AMONG ANIMALS OCCURS IN THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING DOMINANCE, PREVENTING ENCROACHMENT BY OTHERS ON THEIR TERRITORIAL SPACE, TO PROTECT THE YOUNG, AND TO GAIN ACCESS TO FEMALES....BS