REASONS FOR THE INCREASING SEVERITY OF THE FALSE IDENTITY DOCUMENT PROBLEM IN FRANCE ARE NOTED, INCLUDING THE READY AVAILABILITY OF OFFSET PRINTING EQUIPMENT, INCREASING DEMAND FOR FALSE PAPERS AMONG IMMIGRANT WORKERS, THE HIGH PRICES WHICH COUNTERFEIT IDENTIFY PAPERS COMMAND, AND THE RELATIVELY MINOR PENALTY FOR PRODUCING SUCH DOCUMENTS. METHODS OF PRODUCING GENUINE WATERMARKS AND NONPRINTED, SURFACE-PRINTED, AND SANDWICH-TYPE COUNTERFEIT WATERMARKS ARE DISCUSSED. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SANDWICH-TYPE MARK ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL AND ILLUSTRATED IN PHOTOGRAPHS. A PROCEDURE FOR CLASSIFYING COUNTERFEIT WATERMARKS IS OUTLINED. THE PROCEDURE MAY BE USED TO DISTINGUISH AMONG WATERMARKS COUNTERFEITED IN DIFFERENT WORKSHOPS, AND AMONG DIFFERENT SERIES OF WATERMARKS PRODUCED BY THE SAME METHODS. ONE TABLE IS INCLUDED.