The first two chapters present a review of probability theory and statistical inference. The next two chapters consider tests based on binomial and multinomial distributions. In the fifth and sixth chapters, proper nonparametric methods based on ranks and empirical distributions are shown. The methods are presented in single lessons and are arranged according to similarities in underlying theory. Step-by-step instructions are given for each procedure, along with a detailed numerical example from the physical sciences, engineering, or social sciences. In each section, hundreds of problems are organized into theoretical and applied problems. Review problems are also provided at the end of each chapter. An index, answers to odd-numbered problems, and an extensive bibliography of about 650 citations are also provided. An appendix presents 26 statistical tables. An instant consultant chart enables the student and the applied research worker to locate quickly the statistical procedure appropriate to the data. (Author abstract modified)