The study focused on the purposes of court referrals, statutes used for psychiatric remands, forensic patients, characteristics, diagnoses and recommendations by clinicians, and the relationship between recommendations and judicial outcomes. Summaries completed by court psychiatrists on 248 cases were reviewed. The defendants referred for review were demographically and socioeconomically marginal. Over half were charged with property offenses. Psychosis was diagnosed in 39.4 percent of the referrals; however, the psychiatrists may have equated this disorder with incompetency. The psychiatrists found 84.7 percent of the patients competent to stand trial. The psychiatrists' estimates of their patients' current and potential danger to society varied from city to city. The psychiatrists recommended outpatient treatment for 40 percent of their patients, prison for 14 percent, and additional analysis for 10 percent. No recommendations were made in 14 percent of the cases. A total of 34 percent of the patients identified in an 18 month followup study had been given probation, 30 percent were sent to jail, 14 percent were sent to a Federal prison, and 8 percent were sent to a hospital. Recommendations for custodial care resulted in imprisonment in 73 percent of the cases. Hospitalization recommendations resulted in in-patient care 59 percent of the time. Results partially supported labeling theorists' critiques of forensic assessment and indicated that there are social control elements in what is ostensibly a purely evaluative procedure. Results also indicated that assessment has substantial impact on the individual's subsequent treatment. Findings suggested that the relationship between the medical and legal professions should be more generally evaluated. A table and 27 references are included.