Background reports on juveniles are essential for diagnosis of individual juveniles' special problems and for choice of the most appropriate measures under juvenile criminal law. The examining psychiatrist must be as thorough as possible in the examination and must question the family of the juvenile in detail. However, a number of legal problems arise in connection with such reports. The study examines whether it is justified for the psychiatrist and other individuals familiar with the report to collaborate in discussing solutions, whether the expert should be given unlimited access to court records, and whether experts can legitimately seek to obtain information themselves. Also examined is whether the judge should verify the original material by questioning witnesses in order to assure that psychiatrists have a factual basis for their reports. The issue of confidentiality and the limits of permissible medical examination are investigated in a major section of the study. The process of report evaluation by the judge and the relationship of the report to the judge's final decision are discussed. Misuse of reports may occur in a variety of circumstances. Discussed are misuse when participants in proceedings are allowed to see reports, misuse when juvenile and counsel are present during questioning by experts in preliminary proceedings, misuse as a result of participation of concerned parties in the main trial, misuse at the judgment stage, and misuse when the public is informed by the court about proceedings. A list of suggestions for avoiding misuse of reports, extensive notes, and a bibliography of 160 entries are supplied.