The systematization of formal juvenile correctional institutions in India can be traced to 1920. The existing juvenile corrections system comprises substitute homes, supportive institutions, diagnostic institutions, treatment institutions, and transit institutions, providing services at the precommital stage, through commitment, and during postrelease. However, various sociocultural features impede juvenile processing and program implementation, since traditionally, control of juveniles has been handled by less formal modes of social discipline. The enforcement machinery, particularly police, has been reluctant to implement the special juvenile procedures required by legislation. There also exists an imbalance between treatment and administrative staff at juvenile institutions. Furthermore, many districts lack specialized juvenile facilities and treatment program options. Justice system personnel must try harder to implement the intent of the juvenile codes. A total of 31 references are given.