The paper describes the basic correctional theories prevalent during the last 250 years in the United States and discusses the historical development of corrections, both nationwide and in Iowa. It addresses such critical issues as prison overcrowding, institutional disturbances, and judicial intervention in corrections. Corrections statistics are detailed, including the per diem rates of Iowa correctional institutions and prison population projections. Tables, graphs, 12 notes, and an index are provided. (Author abstract modified)