With the signing of the 1936 treaty with the British, a period of active social reform began in Egypt. Egyptian sociologists applied the principles of the social sciences to resolve the social problems the country faced. Applied sociology extended to efforts at creating social conditions that would reduce criminality. The National Institute of Criminology was founded in 1955 with the objectives of research and surveys in crime, delinquency, and punishment; teaching, training, and orientation in the theoretical and practical aspects of these subjects; the coordination of government and private agencies in combating crime by preventive and corrective measures; and establishing scientific bases for criminal and correctional policies in accordance with national conditions. While the establishment of the institute was important in the move toward the institutionalization of criminology in Egypt, the major conditions for institutionalization that must exist are the increased availability of well trained and motivated researchers, the development of a reliable data base, the strengthening of the quality of social service delivery, and the provision of adequate resources for research and practice. Twenty-one notes and 14 bibliographic entries are provided.