The rise of institutions is discussed in terms of the first institutions, beginning of confinement, monasteries, private prisons, asylums, prisons and correctional institutions, and the total institution and its population. The organization of correctional institutions is reviewed, including assessment of need, site selection, architecture, and housekeeping. A section on the program and its residents considers custodial control, classification and treatment, patterns of prisoner employment, maximum security society, and riots and disturbances. Also described in this section are the effects of imprisonment, contacts with the outside, and staff society. Special institutions are highlighted, with attention devoted to jails and local detention, juvenile institutions, institutions for females, and institutions for mentally disordered offenders. A section on the administration and management of institutions reviews -- besides administration -- fiscal management and personnel management. A final section looks at the future of correctional institutions. Tables, figures, footnotes, chapter questions, photographs, an index, and about 150 references are included.