In order to come to terms with this question it is necessary to present some of the theoretical views (paragraph 2) and some of the results of research (paragraph 3). The next step is to draw lessons for policy makers from these research data. Paragraph 4 brings us back to reality: the recent efforts made in the Netherlands to help combat feelings of insecurity. Two measures (techno-prevention advice to the public and police patrolling) are discussed in the light of the research findings. The conclusion drawn is that the approach chosen is not conducive to allaying fear. Instead, policy makers should broaden their scope, including welfare measures such as urban renewal projects and adult education, in their effort to tackle feelings of insecurity. On the other hand they should try to inform the public more realistically on the possibilities available to the police in order to discourage false expectations (often followed by disillusionment) and to play down the 'image building' concerning crime issues. (Author abstract)