Information on Japan's correctional officers covers recruitment, terms of service, promotion, and retirement. Training programs for correctional personnel are discussed under the following four types: (1) orientation training provided at each institution, (2) training provided at the Training Institute for Correctional Personnel, (3) training provided at the Basic-Grade Nurses' Training School attached to the Hachioji Medical Prison, and (4) others. The examination of release under supervision focuses primarily on parole, with attention given to the history of parole in Japan, the parole organizaton, parole preparation within penal institutions, parole procedures, parole eligibility, parole terms, the use of parole, parole supervision, parole from juvenile training school, and parole outcome. The discussion of vocational training outlines the history of its use in Japanese prisons and describes its current use. It is noted that the vocational training system is intended to facilitate the resocialization of those inmates who have aptitude and the will to acquire vocational skills intensively and systematically. Data are provided on the number of inmates successfully completing vocational training programs in prisons in fiscal 1980 as well as the most popular trades selected by the inmates. It is advised that recidivism studies have shown that inmates who have participated in vocational training programs are significantly less likely than the general prison population to recidivate. The review of the inmate classification system includes a summary of the history of Japan's classification system and a detailed description of the current classification system. The current classification system is considered under the topics of classification investigation, the classification center, allocation and treatment based on classification, and treatment categories. A major section is devoted to the function of the classification system. The final section of the study offers recommendations for the future development of Japan's classification system. Figures and tables are provided.