Many of the approaches are community based and seek to engage citizens' support and participation. The Programs Branch of the Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada had a role in developing the programs, which also resulted from cooperation among all levels of government, social agencies, academics, volunteer groups, and private citizens. The projects include a program of wilderness experiences and cross-cultural exchanges for youths in a native population suffering from high rates of crime, unemployment, and drug and alcohol abuse among its youth; a volunteer program providing a community alternative to the processing of young people; a project to provide community-based sentencing for young people; a community mediation service; a workshop on victim services; and a study of police management information systems. Research projects on training and supervision of law enforcement and correctional personnel are also included.