Critical issues in outdoor programming for troubled youth are identified, including (1) how outdoor programming is different from other alternatives such as institutionalization, group homes, or schools; (2) how such programs can ensure their continued access to public land; and (3) how outdoor programs evolved historically within the structure of government youth-serving programs. The origin of youth behavior problems is discussed, and holistic efforts to help individual youth resolve their conflicts are examined. The needs of troubled adolescent girls are assessed, and program staff are urged to compensate for the girls' unstable relationships and inconsistent behavior. Followup is emphasized as a means of reinforcing the gains emphasized as a means of reinforcing the gains a youth has made in the outdoor program. A 'how-to' approach for integrating a sound nutritional philosophy in residential and outdoor programs is described, and the interrelationship between food quality and youth behavior is explored. The importance of teaching youth life skills as well as job skills is noted, and dealing with dangerous or violent youth is discussed. More research on the impacts of outdoor experiences on youth is called for. Two illustrations, 118 references, and 1 appendix are included.