These issues are relevant to the economic recession, the shortages of facilities, and the need for more prudent use of penal treatments. Professor Jepson focused on the role of the probation service and why it was not more extensively used in the development of alternatives to imprisonment. He noted that attitudes towards the probation service are among the reasons for its underuse. Judge David observed that current needs have forced the review of sentencing options. Lord Hooson referred to changes in cultural groupings in the United Kingdom, massive unemployment with no foreseeable end, and the contribution of drinking to crime. Also mentioned were the use of partially suspended sentences, weekend imprisonments, and greater use of hostel facilities. The need for a more integrated approach by the police, the magistracy, the probation service, and social services was noted. Fourteen sources are listed.