In considering institutionalizing dispute resolution alternatives, the achievements of some types of dispute resolution programs are described. Both the problems and prospects for future action are delineated. Next, highlighting some of the problems confronting the movement, two social scientists survey the attitudes of ordinary people toward third-party resolution of social conflict, concluding that dispute resolution may inaccurately capture how individuals see neighborhood disputes and what to do about them. Another discussion demonstrates what can be achieved by negotiation in public sector disputes. A framework is provided for viewing different alternatives to overcoming large-scale community conflicts. A discussion of the social organization of alternative dispute resolution shows how the movement has developed diverse strains in its effort to emerge as a profession. Program administrators are oriented toward professionalization; actual mediators may have another orientation, depending on the organizational aegis under which dispute resolution services are offered. Some of the ethical issues relating to professionalism in the movement are outlined; dilemmas that have long faced judges are being faced by mediators and arbitrators. Tables, footnotes, and references are included. (Editor summary modified)