The first recommendation of these rules is that every institution have available the services of at least one qualified medical officer with some knowledge of psychiatry. City prisons in Australia probably meet this standard. However, non-metropolitan facilities do not, although a transfer mechanism may sometimes meet that standard. In addition, treatment facilities are inadequate. The general neglect is clearly evident not only in terms of lack of facilities, resources, and staffing but also in terms of fairly generalized apathy, indifference, and even opposition to services being provided for prisoners. Pejorative values and prejudicial views are common in correctional staff, government bureaucrats, politicians, and some professionals. Thus it is doubtful that most Australian jurisdictions satisfy the requirements of the United Nations standards. Data are also lacking on the numbers and types of needs. Efforts are needed to ensure that once offenders are identified, they should be transferred out of the prison system at least during the acute phase of the treatment, because typical correctional systems are anti-therapeutic. Alternatives include mental hospitals, annexes to mental hospitals, a special facility, mental health services within prison health services, and a special hospital annex within the correctional system. 14 references.