While early literature was sympathetic to children, by the 1960's the accountability for their behavior was transferred from the family to the child. Some authors equated running away with juvenile delinquency. In the 1970's, the literature began to describe multiple causes for runaway behavior. Family dynamics play a central role in explaining running away. School problems are another major factor; most of the literature supports the hypothesis that school problems precede and sometimes precipitate runaway behavior. The mental health status of homeless youth should be considered within the framework of normal adolescent development, which involves emotional, cognitive, and physiologic changes. Much less information is available regarding the physical health status of runaways. Many authors have stressed the need to provide better care and develop effective intervention strategies for this population. Inconsistent enforcement of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act of 1974 leaves youth wary of seeking out social service agencies. There is a lack of adequate housing and resources necessary to treat the mental, physical, and developmental needs of these youths. 44 references