Little attention has been paid in the literature to synthetic narcotics. This article provides a detailed discussion of the organization of the illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine, also known as speed, in Philadelphia between 1970 and 1990. Some background on the development of the methamphetamine industry and the market and usage factors that shaped this industry are discussed. The author questions whether Philadelphia deserves the title "speed capital of the world." However, Philadelphia has had experience with a number of major enterprises involved in methamphetamine production from which a great deal can be learned. Understanding this business is important for the proper allocation of resources to combat it. Drug law enforcement in recent years has operated on the assumption that the drug trade is dominated by widely connected organized crime syndicates. Resources have been directed toward "drug kingpins." This article suggests that with regard to the Philadelphia methamphetamine business, it would be a mistake to overemphasize the role of the Mafia or traditional organized crime figures. Although the Mafia has played a key role in this industry, it does not control it. A wide range of other independent operators and entrepreneurs, often loosely connected with larger multiethnic organizations, have also played a big part. The role of labor unions and official power are addressed.