Students who miss four or more hours of school without a valid excuse may be required to attend the 4-hour Saturday program. Hawaiian police estimate that there are 45 gangs operating on the island of Oahu, and attribute six murders in the past 3 years to gang activity. In the (PAGE) program, the schools keep accurate attendance records and provide police with a list of offenders each week, while the police department coordinates the actual program. The curriculum provides information on youth gangs, laws, and drugs; enhances decisionmaking and critical-thinking skills; works to improve self-esteem; and offers positive alternatives to gang membership. In Paramount, California, law enforcement, parents, and youth agencies are involved in an effort to eliminate youth gangs through a public education campaign and an antigang curriculum delivered to second and fifth graders in the district's schools.