The analysis revealed that more than 30 States and the Federal Government now operate boot camp programs. Advocates content that the camps are a means of being tough on criminals while modifying nonconforming and sometimes violent criminal behavior. Evaluations have generally revealed boot camps to be as effective as prisons with respect to recidivism. In addition, substantial savings may result from the shorter term in boot camp than in prison. Some additional data suggest that boot camp graduates are more likely to complete parole supervision than regular parolees if a well-developed aftercare program is in place. However, other data suggest that boot camps have high dropout rates and have high costs per inmate. These findings suggest potential options for action for California. Figures, tables, photographs, footnotes, glossary, and 16 references